As of July 2021, the BOLE program is under heavy development, with first firing expected in 2024. These boosters will be derived from the composite-casing solid rocket boosters then in development for the canceled OmegA launch vehicle, and are projected to increase Block 2's payload to 130 t (130 long tons 140 short tons) to LEO and at least 46 t (45 long tons 51 short tons) to trans-lunar injection. This program will develop new solid rocket boosters, to be built by Northrop Grumman Space Systems, for further SLS flights, marking the beginning of Block 2.

On 2 March 2019, the Booster Obsolescence and Life Extension program was announced. The stock of SLS Block 1 to 1B boosters is limited by the number of casings left over from the Shuttle program, which allows for eight flights of the SLS.

The five-segment solid rocket boosters provide approximately 25% more total impulse than the Shuttle Solid Rocket Boosters, but will not be recovered after use.

They possess an additional center segment, new avionics, and lighter insulation, but lack a parachute recovery system. These solid rocket boosters use casing segments that were flown on Shuttle missions as parts of the four-segment Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Boosters. Boosters īlocks 1 and 1B of the SLS are planned to use two five-segment solid rocket boosters. The RS-25E will further increase per-engine thrust to 2,321 kN (522,000 lb f). The thrust of each RS-25D engine has been increased from 2,188 kN (492,000 lb f), as on the Space Shuttle, to 2,281 kN (513,000 lb f) on the sixteen modernized engines. Later flights will switch to a RS-25 variant optimized for expended use, the RS-25E, which will lower per-engine costs by over 30%. Aerojet Rocketdyne modifies these engines with modernized engine controllers, higher throttle limits, as well as insulation for the high temperatures the engine section will experience due to their position adjacent to the solid rocket boosters. The first four flights will each use and expend four of the remaining sixteen RS-25D engines previously flown on Space Shuttle missions. The stage is 65 m (213 ft) long by 8.4 m (28 ft) in diameter and is both structurally and visually similar to the Space Shuttle external tank. The core stage provides approximately 25% of the vehicle's thrust at liftoff. The MPS is responsible for supplying the four RS-25 engines with fuel and oxidizer, gimballing the engines using hydraulic actuators, and pressurizing the propellant tanks via autogenous pressurization. It contains the liquid hydrogen fuel and liquid oxygen oxidizer tanks for the ascent phase, the forward and aft solid rocket booster attach points, avionics, and the Main Propulsion System (MPS). Together with the solid rocket boosters, the core stage is responsible for propelling the upper stage and payload out of the atmosphere and accelerating up to almost orbital velocity. The SLS core stage rolling out of the Michoud Assembly Facility for shipping to Stennis Space Center The first launch was originally mandated by Congress for December 2016, but it has been delayed at least sixteen times, adding more than five years to the original six-year schedule. SLS will launch from LC-39B at the Kennedy Space Center. Artemis is projected to use at most one SLS each year until at least 2030. The SLS is planned to launch the Orion spacecraft as part of the Artemis program, making use of the ground operations and launch facilities at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. As of August 2019, SLS Block 1 launch vehicles are to launch the first three Artemis missions and five subsequent SLS flights are planned to use Block 1B, after which all flights will use Block 2. The SLS is being developed in three major phases with increasing capabilities: Block 1, Block 1B, and Block 2. Crewed lunar flights are planned as part of the Artemis program, leading to a possible human mission to Mars.

The SLS is intended to become the successor to the retired Space Shuttle, and the primary launch vehicle of NASA's deep space exploration plans through the 2020s. It replaces the Ares I and Ares V launch vehicles, which were cancelled along with the rest of the Constellation program, a previous program aimed to return to the moon. As of April 2022, the first launch is scheduled for no earlier than August 2022, pending the success of a wet dress rehearsal test. The Space Launch System (abbreviated as SLS) is an American super heavy-lift expendable launch vehicle under development by NASA since 2011. Second stage (Block 1B, Block 2) – Exploration Upper Stage

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